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British attack on the western side of Arnhem leads to a massacre on September 19

in Arnhem/September 19
(Illustration: Boeree Collection, Gelders Archives.)

In the early morning of Tuesday, September 19, British paratroopers from positions west of the Elisabeth Gasthuis made a last, ultimate attempt to reach John Frost’s troops at the Rhine Bridge. The attack was launched with four battalions, together accounting for almost 2,000 soldiers. It became a massacre. The 1st Battalion and the 3rd Battalion…

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Five Arnhem residents shot dead in the Bakkerstraat

in Arnhem/September 19

A simple plaque in Bakkerstraat commemorates the murder of five innocent Arnhem residents during the Battle of Arnhem. Few people know the story behind the execution by German troops on the morning of Tuesday, September 19, 1944. Due to the chaos during the Battle of Arnhem, it was never completely clear what exactly happened. But…

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The 4th Parachute Brigade breaks down near Oosterbeek

in Oosterbeek/September 19
British field graves on the Amsterdamseweg. (Photo: Sem Presser, Gelders Archives.)

While at the Elisabeth Gasthuis four British battalions with more than 1,500 soldiers tried to break through in the direction of the Rhine Bridge, General Shan Hackett’s 4th Parachute Brigade tried to reach Arnhem from the north side. During their advance to Arnhem on the evening of Monday, September 18, the 10th Battalion and the…

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Airborne landings on Tuesday, September 19: target shooting for the Germans

in Oosterbeek/September 19
The Germans shoot at the landing gliders with machine guns.

Part of the Polish Airborne Brigade landed near Arnhem on Tuesday, September 19. The Poles found themselves in the middle of heavy fighting between the British and Germans around the landing site. Originally, the entire 1st Polish Airborne Brigade was supposed to land near Arnhem that day. But because the weather was too bad at…

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The retreat of the 4th Parachute Brigade

in Oosterbeek/September 19
British paratroopers at the railway line between Oosterbeek and Wolfheze. The soldier in the left foreground is equipped with a PIAT anti-tank rifle.

Barely a day after the 4th Parachute Brigade led by General Shan Hackett landed on the Ginkelse Heide near Ede, the combat power of the brigade had been halved. On Tuesday morning, September 19, the 156th Battalion carried out an attack on the German Sperrline on the Dreijenseweg, between Oosterbeek station and Amsterdamseweg. The much…

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September 19: the Allies make no progress in Nijmegen

in Nijmegen/September 19
American paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division on the Oranjesingel in Nijmegen.

Immediately after the Allied airborne landings on September 17 to capture the bridges over the Dutch rivers, the Germans decided to place the focus of their defense at Nijmegen. Here, at the bridges over the Waal, the advance of the ‘Anglo-American enemy’ would be reversed. The Germans could not use the bridge over the Rhine…

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This is how the British perimeter in Oosterbeek was created

in Arnhem/Oosterbeek/September 20
The British perimeter in Oosterbeek on Wednesday, September 20 1944.

On Tuesday, September 19, the British had tried to reach the Rhine Bridge in Arnhem from Oosterbeek and from the Bovenover-Onderlangs intersection in Arnhem. The British suffered major losses in both attacks. In addition to many deaths and injuries, hundreds of British paratroopers had been forced to surrender to the Germans. After the failure of…

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Lonsdale Force in Oosterbeek holds out against German tank attacks

in Oosterbeek/September 20
Two German Sturmgeschütze in the Weverstraat in Oosterbeek.

The remnants of the four battalions that had tried to break through to the Rhine Bridge via the Utrechtseweg and the Onderlangs on Tuesday, September 19, had withdrawn in a chaotic retreat to Oosterbeek. Under the leadership of Major Dickie Lonsdale, they formed a defensive position a few hundred meters east of the Oude Kerk…

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September 20: Germans smoke out the British at the Rhine Bridge

in Arnhem/September 20
British paratroopers captured at the bridge on Wednesday, September 20, are taken away via Steenstraat. (Photo: Federal Archives.)

If Operation Market Garden had gone according to plan, the ground troops of XXX Corps would have reached the south side of the Rhine on Tuesday, September 19, in the afternoon. But on Wednesday morning, September 20, the tanks and troops of XXX Corps were still in Nijmegen, where the Waal Bridge had yet to…

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Wednesday, September 20: the Eusebius Church catches fire

in Arnhem/September 20
The Eusebius Church after the Allied bombing of the Rhine Bridge on October 7, 1944. The Eusebius Tower is still standing, but the spire has burned down.

The Eusebius Church was virtually destroyed during the bombing of the Rhine Bridge on October 7, 1944. But the church already suffered extensive damage during the Battle of Arnhem. As a result of German shelling on the church, the Eusebius caught fire on Wednesday, September 20. The spire and roof of the church burned down…

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